Uvva nutautlukjufa itkaluaqtufa ukunakfa, aglaan tusraakkamnigli uqallufniaqtufa. Uvva uqautigikkafich tamarra tusraakkavut nalaunfarut tamarra.

Nunaaqqiqpauraksrablu Abviblu Puiruksraq

Uvva uqabaqtut Ivisaappaani kivani abvibbuuq puigisieipxugu. Taimma taikea akivut nuvubaq itnasriq itniittuq (urraaqhuni isigakpaktun ittuamik nuvukkamik uqaqtuq). "Isigakpak taamnagguuq kivixuni abvibbuuq taatna puisabumaruq," itnabaqtut suli. Uqautigirabigaagguuq taatna. "Tarani Ivisaappaani tasramma, tarakfa paqillutif, apkuagguuq iivaqsaat, qatiqtaat ieuich, pisuukkafatguuq tarakfa paqillugu pigisirut. Paggagguuq pafna iebiq, pafna iebim manna pia qatiqtaanik ieeixxakkisiruq ieufnik iivaqsaanik," itnagguuq uqabaqtuq.

Tara tatkivakfa tara nunaaqqipta taavruma uqquqjieaurafanie, Tunuuram ixuanie, samma inibruafa paqitlaitxugu pieibikput. Tamaakfagguuq tara aullaqtuq, taimma aullaqtitababigaat. Tasramma Dorothy-m inaan ataani iglibeauraq, taranixigguuq Nasrualutkut ukua tarani ittut. Tara Nasrualuum taa taruigguuq tautullakkaluabaa. Aglaan ixisabitlasriebitchaa tarani.

Taragguuq uqabaqtuq, tatkimea Ivisaappaat una nappaanikpan, nunaaqqibaunikpan, uqabaqtugguuq taamna Ivisaappaat nunaaqqibaunikpan qanuqtilaksrafa nalunipxugu. Taamnagguuq tara isrugirabigaa uqaqami. Taamna tatkimea nunaaqqiqpaurabaunikpan. Uvvagguuq takku uqabaqtuq tatpafna pagga iebiq pafna tikkuaqtubabigaa iluqaan immixxakkisieipxugu ieufmik. Tatqammagguuq tamaakfa Naluabmiut pisuukkafatnik paqillutif. Naagga uvva tusraaqqayaqtaqtufa paqitaksragguuq imma kavurmam afmanbipqaqtauralibaa Ieupiat paqinbianikmatruf.

Uvva Maniixauraq una aanaqabniqsuq Qupilbuuramik. Tara Maniixauraq afayukjiupluni. Tarani aasrii Imbusriq. Tarani aasrii Qapujuk. Nukaqjiupluni aasrii Sieaana, suli Maniixauram nukatchiafa. Taimma ilaa Maniixauraq Itluutmik atiqsisuabiga qitunbafa. Panifmieiglugguuq taimma taavrumifalu ibeibmieik Itluutmik aullautriruq. Kivrumali Iyabaaluum uqautigigaa. Atqagguuq tara puuyullakkaa abnaata. Taakmagguuq Sisualifmun ixuviqqaaqjugu tara tatkivani ukiisuiqsaaqtuq. Sumiumik aglaan ixaqatniktilaafa apiqsrunbieeibiga.

Tara Imbutchim qitunbai Qapqaurablu, Qaksri, Paniyablu. Tara taapkuali taavruma Imbutchim qitunbai. Qaksri afutaupluni, taapkuak aasrii abnauplutik. Kimik ixaqatiqaqtilaafich aglaan kafiqsiebitchitka.

Qapqauraq aasriixi qitunbaqabniqsuq Qaayaaqpafmik. Aniqatiqablugu uvva nalugiga Qaayaaqpak. Una Qaayaaqpaum aasrii tara tarakfa qitunbai ixisimagisri. Qapqaurablu, Siqieaurablu, Ixxiapaglu, Imbusribxu. Taimma Abnaqiea tuqupluni.

Taapkua aasriie Qaksrim qitunbai taimma Maniixaq, Aakatablu, Uyabablu, Paniyablu. Qayaq suli atlami abnami, afayukjiq tara. Taapkua aasrii atlami Ayakafmi.

Qayaq taakma aani ieuguqhuni Aalaasimi. Aalaasimiutluni. xisimasruknabaluabaich makua. Qayam qitunbai, Unaqsibxu, Ixuppablu, Ieukauluglu, Ixaibana, suli Afayuqauraq. Puuyubitka atlat.

Paniyaq aasrii Qapuvyufmik ibeiqabeirabigaat. Uvva taavrumifali qitunbaqabnirabigaa, afutmik. Taitcha Esther Skin, Qalifak pania Qapuvyuum. Qapuvyuum anifafa Uluak. Taimma Uluak nalugiga uvafa. Panitcham qitunbai, Ieabak ami tatkivva tiguafa. Qitunbaitpaluktuq una Uluak.

Sieaan aasrii qitunbak Siqieaaluurablu, Qajhaqpaglu. Mrs. Cleveland. Siqieaaluuraq Akisaqpauramik nuliaqaqqaabuknabaluaqtuq. Nasruk aasriie nuliatqiutaa. Nasruum uvva naluabmiutchisaanik nalurufa. Naluabmiutchisaitchuknaqtuq. Aasrii Siqieaaluuram qitunbai, Immajuuraq-Joe Sun, Matuligauraq-Bessie Sheldon, Ieabak-Pansy Berry, Naannuu-Annie Sun, aanafa aglaan Paaniikaaluk. Siqieaaluuram paniksrafa qanuba, sivullibmigguuq abnaqqaabmiei. Qitunbaqabaluaqtuaq.

Qajhaqpaum aasriie qitunbai taimma, abnaurabbuuq, qitunbaqqaafa tuqupluni. Atiqsiebitchiga unniie. Akkaga tara Inuqtuaq afayukjiuruq. Inuqtuaq- Johnny Cleveland, tuglia aasrii Paaniikaaluk tuqupluni, tarani aasrii Nasrualuk- Robert Cleveland, Tilak, atipiafa Suqupsiraq-Truman Cleveland, Qupilbuuraq suli Charlie Cleveland utuqqautluktuaq Tilafmie, atlam ieuguqtitluguli pitchafa.

Although I am younger than most of the Elders here, I am going to tell about what I have heard. Everything that has been told up to this point is just as we have heard it.

It is said that he left from inside Tunnuuraq, which is located just below the village of Ambler. We simply have not found the remains of his old habitat. It is said that he left from around there. Below the hill by Dorothy Henry's house is a small niche-like clearing. This is where Robert Nasrualuk Cleveland lived as a child. It is said that Nasrualuk saw his great uncle (Maniixauraq) but he was quite young at the time.

It is said that each time Maniixauraq spoke of the future city of Ambler, he stated that he did not know the future beyond the establishment and growth of the large city. It is said that this would be the end of his predictions. He pointed in the direction of the mountains behind Ambler and said it would be filled with people after something valuable had been found there. As for me, it seems that I have heard rumors that the government is getting close to opening that area for possible mining since the Ieupiat have not found it yet. I do believe that the time is near for Ambler to become a large city.

Maniixauraq's mother was Qupilbuuraq. Maniixauraq was the eldest. His younger sisters were Imbusriq, Qapujuk and Sieaana.

As far as I know, Itluun was the name of his son. He also had a daughter and he is said to have left with two of his children. This is what lyabaaluk (old lady Ticket) said about him. However, she could not remember his wife's name. I did not ask where she was from, but it is said that after he buried his wife in Sisualik, he spent his last winter in Ambler area and went north after that.

As for Imbusriq, her children were Qapqauraq, Qaksri and Paniyaq. Qaksri was the only boy. However, I am not aware of their spouses' names.

As for Qapqauraq, she had a child named Qaayaaqpak. I am not aware of Qaayaaqpak having any brothers or sisters. From there, you know who Qaayaqpak's children are. They are Maude Qapqauraq Foxglove, Laura Siqieauraq Sun, Michael Ixxiapak Riley, Blanche Imbusriq Sheldon and Isaac Abnaqiea Riley, who passed away.

As for Qaksri, he had a son named Qayaq by his first wife. Later with his second wife, he had Nellie Maniixaq Atoruk, Jonas Aakataq Ward, Fay Uyubaq Foster and Clara Paniyaq Stalker.

Qayaq grew up in the Allakaket area. His children are E. Unaqsiq Sam, A. Ixuppaq Edwards, B. Ieukualuk Moses and W. Afayuqauraq Niuqtuun. There are probably more but I do not remember their names.

As for Paniyaq, she had a son named Qapuvyuk. Esther Qalifak Skin is Qapuvyuk's daughter. Qapuvyuk had an older brother named Uluak. She also adopted Pancy Ieabak Berry from her cousin Qajhaqpak, who was Sieaana's son. It might be that Uluak did not have any children.

As for Qapujuk, her son's name was Piglibiaq. I am not aware of any brothers and sisters which she might have had. As for Piglibiaq's children, I do know the ones that are alive now. There is Vera Nasrukjuuraq Custer, Herbert Qutan Custer and Nora Naulik Custer.

Sieaana's children were Siqieaaluuraq, also known as Old Man Sun and Qajhaqpak, Old Man Cleveland.

Siqieaaluuraq first married Akisaqpauraq, who had a daughter named Paaniikaaluk but I do not think they, themselves, had any children. However, he and his second wife, Nasruk, who most likely did not have an English name, and their children are Joe Immajuuraq Sun, Bessie Matuligauraq Sheldon, Pansy Ieabak Berry. A. Naanuu Sun was also his daughter, but by his step daughter Paaniikaaluk.

Qajhaqpak's first daughter died. I do not know her name. As for the rest, they are my uncle Johnny Inuqtuaq Cleveland, Paaniikaaluk died, Robert Nasrualuk Cleveland, Truman Siqupsiraq Tilak Cleveland and Charlie Qupilbuuraq Cleveland.

So that was a brief summary of Maniixaq's relatives. Their mother's name was Qupilbuuraq but no one ever speaks about who their father was. No one told me, that is. I do not know who his father was. The rest of us distant descendants of Maniixauraq are quite obvious. I, too, am one.

Suliuvva makunifa tifmisuutinik ukua uqallaktut. Tifmisuutmie taavrumakfa una umiaq sivullibivalufnikkafa. Ieuitguuq ukammauraqhutif, ayaktuuraqhutif, ipunfuraqhutif, afuaburaqhutif, una umiaq iglibutiginiakkaqtif iglibutigirabigaat. Aasriigguuq taavruma Maniixam uqaqami, uvvagguuq ieuich umiam ixuani aquppiuraabutif itna, taatnagguuq umiaq igliqtiniguni, iglilibisirut ieuich. Ittuaburaabutif umiamun ikijhieabutif, tara ittuabutif taatna usriaqsialibisirut. Sunauvva taatna Engine-libxugu umiaq itna iglibatlasrigisikmata. Taamna suli tara tifmisuun uqautigigaat ukua. Sixakunguuq suli iglibutilik kivaknam tufaanie aggibisieipxugu. Tamarra uqautigikkafa iluqani immiqsuq.

Uvva suli Aqsivaabruk uqaqtitauraallakkafa, pania tara maufaqugaluabiga Maniixxiqisraqpata maufanbieeiqsuq. Aglautisrukkafani suli taamufanbisiqjufa. Maniixxiqikpatagguuq agliqiaksramnik saakkitchukkafani uqauraallaktuq. Aqsivaabrugguuq, tairruma Esther-m paapafa, taatafan tasrikataqjugugguuq pitxasriuraqtuaq pirabigaa. Sunauvvagguuq taapkua, ukua, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday itnatchimik nalugaluaqtitlugich, tallimat malbuaknigguuq ieiqtuiqsiabaqtuq Maniixauraq. Sabbath sunauvva. Sabbath uqabaqtut taimani, takku imma ifixbaan, Sunday-fieeipxugu uqabaqtut. Aasriie maunavak nuuttautigun uvagut pakma igliqhuta. Taatna uqabaqtut.

Taimea imma apai uqauraallakkaluaqtuq aglaglugich uvva pikpagich nakuutluktuksrat. Aglanbisiqhuni Esther Norton tarufaaglaan uqallaktufa.

Whenever mother told stories, it is possible that I could have learned more If I had stayed with her all the time, but I was an active child. However, sometimes I did listen to her stories. Now everyone has learned that it was God who was the source of Maniixauraq's predictions. It is said that he always had a pole and said that whenever words were given to him from his grandfather above, he related the words to the people.

Another thing that these people have mentioned is aircraft. I believe he spoke first of the umiaq, or boat. It is said that people travelled in their skin boats or birch canoes by paddling with oars or one paddle, by pushing it along with a pole and/or by dogs or people pulling it with a tow line from land. Maniixaq predicted that people would some day travel in boats simply by sitting down as the boat would travel on its own power. All people would have to do was get into the boat, sit down and go. They would not have to work hard in order to travel. Now, we know he meant that people would ride in outboard motor powered boats. The people here have mentioned aircraft. He predicted that a fire powered vehicle would travel through the air and come from the east. These are some examples of the fulfillment of his predictions.

Aqsivaabruk also spoke concerning this subject and although I encouraged his daughter to come, she is not here. She also wanted to write some things but I did not make it over there. She wanted to give me something to read whenever Maniixaq was discussed.

Esther's father, Aqsivaabruk, said that Maniixaq rested every seven days, or on the seventh. Although people in those days knew nothing of the week-days as we know them today (for they viewed time and space from a different perspective than we do now), Maniixauraq rested on the seventh day. Today, we interpret this to be the Sabbath day. When Christianity was in its early stages in this area, people rested on the Sabbath, which was understood to be Saturday. Later we went along with those that changed their Sabbath to Sunday. As it was, it is said that Maniixauraq rested on the seventh of every seven days. He did not work on that day. People often said to him, "Why are you resting? You are just lazy, that is why you are not doing anything." He replied that he lived by the commandments of his grandfather. Esther Norton said more but she did not write them down, so that is all I have to say for now.

Aqsivaabruk and Pakik were boys when the one referred to as Maniixauraq passed by on his way down the Kobuk River. He is also known by the name Maniixaq but as I listened to the Elders here speak about him, he was actually known by the name Maniixauraq. One spring he arrived at Aksik, an old settlement near Noorvik.

It is said that his son was travelling with him at the time. The two boys from Aksik, Aqsivaabruk, and Pakik helped him as he went by Iglubyaabruaq on the tundra behind what was later to become Noorvik. It is not said how long they travelled from Aksik until they reached a low ridge down the river from Noorvik.

When they settled to camp, the two boys noticed that there was a log pole beneath the sleds. Obviously it was to be erected and was not just any ordinary log. After setting up camp, his son erected the pole. The two cousins, Aqsivaabruk and Pakik helped out by gathering wood and fetching ice from a lake. They must have been in their adolescent years, grown boys but not quite young men yet, at the time.

When he was done, he exclaimed, "Yaiy! Yaiy!" He said the word used, in my understanding, to express a feeling of good will, praise, and awe. After this exclamation, he spoke. He said that their lifestyle, which they were presently experiencing would change dramatically once the iivaqsaat came. He said that the iivaqsaat would come in the future. The iivaqsaat were said to be different than the leupiat and life would surely change. This was how he began his predictions.

This is what I heard from Pakik. When my real uncle Aqsivaabruk spoke about it, I must now have understood it clearly but as I followed Pakik constantly, he often related that story.

He also spoke about other incidents related to Maniixaq. You see, Pakik's parents travelled down the river and on to the coastal area such as Kotzebue every spring. It is said that Pakik's father, Mikiana, was a woodworker. He was the grandfather of Qutitchiaq, Kaubiuraq and them. He was their mother's father. Pakik is related to that family. His mother was from Pt. Hope. Afutivluk was his grandmother and his mother was Aqsravatnaq. They were from Pt. Hope but they both passed away and their bodies were laid to rest along the river. In fact, it is said that when food was scarce, food had to be rationed out and it must have been that the old lady Afutivluk was usually given the tail end of a fish and she is often quoted as saying, "Niulibaatchii." She probably said this when she no longer appreciated receiving the tail end of the fish. It might be that people of Pt. Hope quoted her also.

In any event, it is often said that afatkut were gathered in Kotzebue once and did not take Maniixaq's power seriously. However, they felt that he was an annoyance and desired to kill him. They looked for his soul with their own powers but failed to find it. Apparently Maniixauraq was actually too powerful for them. The fact that they could never find his soul has often been told.

Maniixaq also said that the afatkut's power itself was actually not as strong as it was often made out to be. He is quoted as saying that in fact, if he so desired, he was able to swallow them but this simply was not the nature of the power of his grandfather. His grandfather did not do such mere, foolish things to demonstrate his true, great power. It was not yet the time for his glory. Maniixaq added that he would never go against his grandfather. This is what they say about Maniixauraq. Ayaunibruuraq, an afatkuq, is also often quoted as saying that he would attempt to block the passage if anyone were to swallow him.

Charlie Qabmak Kiana (English Translation)

Paapaga Kuufmiufuruq. Maamaga aasriie Tagrabvifmie, Narvasrugrufmie. Aasrii uvafa Nuurvifmi anipxufa, one yiaq-miufalu timaurrutipluta Siixivifmun, maamaa pivianun.

Paapaga qanutuntai aktilaaqaqhuni tautufnibaa Maniixauraq. Napaqsranigguuq avufa ieuich tutmibabinbisafatnun nappabaqnibaa. Aasriiguuq qulligauraqabaqniqsuq ataramigguuq. Ibbubaqniqsuq ataramik puyaieeiabaqniqsuq. Aasriiguuq makua ieuich pisaayugautigiplugu, "Uqaaqtubuunibuguutin uqaaqtubie," tamatkua mitautiginiaqjugu piraqnibaat. Tatqavakfamie Kuuvafmie, kuufni tamaani, sunitai nullabniqsuq.

Aasrii uvva itnabaigguuq, "Pakivruma qatiqtaajhaieanik atuqtuam, qatiqtaajhaieanik pirilgum uqaksriebitmafa uqatlaitchufa."

Tara.

Charlie Qabmak Kiana (English translation)

My father was a Kuufmiu, meaning one from the river. My mother was from the Tagrabvik River, from Narvasrugruk, located in the Upper Selawik area. I was born in Noorvik but moved at the age of one across to Selawik, which was where my mother eventually died.

I do not know how old my father was when he saw Maniixauraq. He said that he noticed that Maniixauraq erected his napaqsraq, or pole, away from the path of the people. It is also said that he had a birch basket and that he had a habit of washing frequently, which was rather uncommon in those days. Cleanliness was a characteristic habit of his.

Apiqsruqtuqti: Taapkua aglaich piibabivat?

I, too, do not have much to say. However, my husband Ayagiaq often spoke of what he saw. He said that once, as a young boy, he followed his parents to Sisualik, where people usually went to make seal oil and beluga muktuk. He said that is where he saw the one called Maniixaq.

He said that Maniixauraq had a strange habit of attaching something to the end of his pole on a certain day and resting. Whether it was a piece of animal skin, I am not certain. If it happened after fabric was introduced, the first fabric was called pautalik. (However, it was probably a piece of skin because the strange people he predicted would come certainly had not come yet.) In any event, he rested on that special day although he did speak of his predictions.

It was then that he spoke to the people (in Ieupiaq). He said that his grandfather above was so powerful that he deserved the utmost respect and obedience. His power was greater than that of everything else. Maniixaq then predicted the land would soon be free of all the taboos that governed the lives of the people. Someday people would travel against the wind merely by sitting down. Travellers would come travelling through the air in fire-powered vehicles. In fact, all these fire powered vehicles would travel all over.

The Afatkut

After saying these things, he added that the afatkut were deceived. He said, "You are deceived by one who is actually nothing. You believe in a useless trouble maker who only tries to make people live by the taboos. Why don't you believe instead in my grandfather above?" It is said that he often said this to the afatkut.

I listened whenever my husband spoke of Maniixauraq. He also said that after Maniixauraq spoke, he added that someday the mouth of the Ambler River, where Ambler is presently located and has that native name, would become densely populated. It is as the previous speaker told it a while ago. When something which the white skinned people value is discovered in the ground, it would become populated. He said that the iivaqsaat would come someday.

Whenever my husband, Ayagiaq, spoke about the pole, he said that whenever the pole had something attached to it, Maniixaq would speak of the predictions all that day. It was on one of the days in which he did not work.

The Afatkut and the Brilliant Aura

Whenever Maniixaq was surrounded by a listening audience and there happened to be an afatkuq or two among the crowd, he told them, "You afatkut are deceived by the one of the earth. He is actually quite powerless. My grandfather above is the truly powerful one."

When he said this to the afatkut, they took it as an insult and were offended by it. So when they were in their trances, they looked for his soul. However, they found him sitting on a chair surrounded by a brilliant glow. Although there was no lamp visible anywhere, the edge of the glow that surrounded him was clearly defined.

Each time they tried in some way to attack Maniixaq's spirit, it is said that the light became brighter and he and his chair were elevated higher. Once again, the afatkut searched for another way to reach him but again the light became even more brilliant and he was elevated even higher. Each time he rose, he became brighter and brighter until soon the light became too bright for the afatkut to even look at, thus they failed to kill his spirit.

They saw him through their own knowledge of being able to connect with the soul or the spirit of a person. This was the way they tried to kill him, but Maniixaq's soul was always surrounded by the brilliant glow.

Ayagiaq also said that at Sisualik, as people worked together to catch beluga, it was considered taboo to scrape the membrane of dried skins. In spite of warnings not to do this, Maniixaq scraped caribou leggings at Sisualik. As the people ate the beluga muktuk, it was considered dangerous, even fatal, to be doing this scraping of animal skins during that season. The people expressed their fear at this deed, but he told them that the repression they experienced because of the taboos would disappear. He said that his grandfather did not base his power on things of that nature. He said that the suppression was, more or less, self-inflicted because of the people's strong belief in its effects. Because they said, "This is going to happen to us," their belief made it happen. Maniixaq is reported to have said these things.

Grace Kavbie Outwater (English Translation)

Maniixam Uqaksrisaqtaa

Taatnagguuq ieuich inillakmata isrutvaanun napaqsramik nappairaqtubli taamna Maniixauraq. Taatna aasrii imma uqaaqsi'ami tatpakfamie uqaksrisaqtiqabnipxuni uqaaqsipxunixi. Taatnabaluaqman aasrii uvva makua afatkut, nunamiexi samakfa piruat, taatna kafiqsieiurallafniabaluabaatguuq sapibaat qaumavagitxuni. Ipqitpagitxuni, qaumavagitxuni, kafiqsitxaitchaatguuq sumie pisilaafa.

Sivuniksraq Uqautigikkafa

Maamaa uvva uqautigigaluababigaa ieugiakjugu, puuyutuvagitxufa puuyubiga. Uqautigianillaksimagaat tamarra sixakun ikniligauranik, imikun, kuukun ikniligauranik ieuich aulaalulibisieipxugich qabasrivagixxutif suligguuq uqabaqtut. Suli makua, qufunik taimani taiyukkafich piibisieipxugitguuq suli uqaqhuni. Tara uqautigianikkaat uvva, tarufa pixxaglafa.

It is said that when a group of people camped, Maniixauraq erected his pole at one end of the camp. Whenever he spoke, he said that his words came from above. Because of his insistence and certainty about his source of power, the afatkut, whose powers were from below there underneath the ground, tried vainly to understand Maniixauraq's source of power. They failed because Maniixauraq's soul was too brilliant. The light that shone around his soul was so pure and brilliant, they could not comprehend its source.

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