Photographs from Men of the Tundra, Alaska Eskimos
at War by Muktuk Marston, October House Inc., New York, 1972.
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Eskimo child with walrus at Barrow, Alaska
Grave marker, at sea, of an Eskimo
Eskimo toilet in the tundra of Alaska
Major Marston and his pet dog, Panda, on St. Lawrence
Island
Picture of a painting by the great artist Henry
Varnum Poor.
The great Joe E. Brown entertaining the soldiers
of Alaska at Elmendorf in the winter of 1942...
Florence Nupok, a famous native artist...
Eskimo girls of St. Lawrence Island
Mushing down the Kobuk River with dogs and reindeer.
Reindeer of Alaska.
Wilunga, one of first officers sworn into the
ATG on St. Lawrence Island...
Jack Jefford, chief pilot for the FAA...
Wilfred Ryan, lower right, my dog musher and
pilot and a number of other dog mushers at Shaktoolik. Great people.
Recruiting the Eskimos of Kotzebue and issuing
of guns.
Andrew
Ahkouchuk, right, the chief man of Barter Island, a believer in the law and
Christianity. I spent a good part of week with him while organizing the ATG.
I broke my leg in pressure ice with a dog team, and Andrew was killed the next
morning in an accident on the ice. A raven came out from the Brooks Range and
flew over him three hours after he died, the first raven the Eskimos had seen
all winter. It was some kind of an omen to them. That night I saw inky smoke
rising from the ice of the Arctic Ocean. I inquired as to what it was and Isaac,
his son, said we must burn all the clothing his father had on when he was killed.
My reindeer sleeping bag was on the sled when the brought him in off the Arctic
ice. I told them Andrew traded his wild sheep skin parka to me for my parka
and wondered if I couldn't save it. They said, "No." I told them the
sleeping bag was not with him when he was killed and they brought it back to
me. I hobbled up to the grave with a crutch. He was buried in six feet of blue
ice, and will be there a thousand years from now--just as good as the day we
put him in. He was a great leader and is missed by the people of Barter Island.
While I was staying with Andrew he said to me, "Do you know Rhodes?"
I said, "yes, he's the head of Fish and Wildlife for Alaska." Rhodes
had said to me, "You kill no more sheep and one caribou only." These
people live on fish and meat and berries. Andrew leveled a bony finger at me
and said, "Hunger knows no law." He gave up his religion and his law-abiding
way to life. I said, "That's not an Eskimo saying, it's a universal law."
School teacher at Wainwright.
Eskimo nurse at the hospital in Kotzebue.
General Jones and Russian soldiers at Nome.
Women building the church at Barrow.
Painting by Heurlin of my dog team 25 years
ago mushing down the Yukon, organizing the ATG.
After a long day's run we say "hello"
to our lead dog and "thank-you" and he's eager for attention.
Traveling up the Kobuk River on the ice by dog
team and living off the land...
Eskimos of the tundra defending the shores of
Alaska.
Packing MPF (multi-purpose food) and ammunition
in Navy container to be buried in the tundra for emergency use.
Sketch by the famous artist Henry Varnum
Poor who spent six weeks with me on the Ada running supplies to the Eskimos.
The cruise of the Ada with which I ran
military supplies and equipment to the Eskimos on the arctic.
Big and Little Diomede Islands. The island
off to the left is Russian. They are 2 1/4 miles apart.
Governor Gruening placing a wreath on the
grave of the 200 American soldiers who died on Attu Island.
Governor Gruening talking with ATG member on
St. Lawrence Island.
Two-man battery submarine sunk by our fly boys.
It was on the beach at Kiska after the war.
A Japanese transport ship wrecked on Kiska Island.
My boat is stranded in the ice of the north
branch of the Yukon River...
Laura Beltz Wright, sister of Senator Beltz.
She was a member of the ATG at Haycock...
Running supplies to the ATG units.
ATG rifle practice at Unalakleet, Alaska.
In 1942 I visited Nunivak Island....
Nunivak Island Eskimo returning from a day's
hunt in his kayak...
One of the chief men of Nunivak Island and the
last man to wear labrets...
ATG drilling and military maneuver at Unalakleet
in 1943.
Moses of Nunivak Island. When a stranger
comes to the island, Moses disappears and returns in this ancient Salvation
Army uniform to receive his guests...
Largest polar bear ever taken. Taken by Rodney
Lincoln and Arthur Filds, Eskimos from Kotzebue...
A great dog; one of my lead dogs.
This column of rock is in the Baird Mountains
of the Arctic and on this rock are four distinct faces...
Some of the Cathedral Mountains off the southwest
point of Mt. McKinley.
Peter Kooniak of Point Hope. The last of
the great chiefs, with eider duck in one hand and muktuk in the other.
One of the ATG men at Barter Island.
Three generations of Ivanofs...
Old man Kakaruk and his granddaughter, near
Teller, Alaska.
Old Russian fort, St. Michael, established in
1844.
I had just issued guns to the Eskimos at Wainwright...
While flying with Colonel Davis (second from
left) in 1942 looking for airfields, I discovered a petrified forest on Unga
Island....
A young golden head eagle captured by Major
Marston near the Unga Island petrified forests...
Eskimo on the Arctic Ocean looking for whales.
Johnny Schaeffer, Jr. now Major John Schaeffer,
Jr. Commanding Officer of Scout Battalion No. 1 based at Nome.
Peter Kooniak, a great whaler, with the baline
from the whale.
Cutting of muktuk in preparation for the Nalikatuk
time or Feast of the Flippers.
My homestead experimental farm on the North
River behind Unalakleet in the Bering Sea area...
My camp on the North River.
Tom Berryman, a trader on the Kobuk River for
50 years.
Johnny Full Moon, an ATG man from Kwigillingok
on the Kuskokwim River. He's a trader now.
My farm on the shore of the North River, its
crops growing.
Major Marston arriving at the Kobuk village
post office, being greeted by Mrs. Brown, the Eskimo postmistress. The nugget
on Major Marston's back was apple green jade weighing 164 pounds...
ATG tundra army of the Kuskokwim.
Muktuk Marston and commander Captain Romano Caeser
of the Princess Pat (Canadian) contingent taking part in Big Bear operation
of Alaska, winter, 1962.
ATG Eskimo soldiers at Barrow, Alaska.
Native Council of Barrow, Alaska. Front row,
left to right: Ross Ahngasuk, Bud Komyurak and Fred Ipalook. Back row, left
to right: Leo Kaleack, Eben Hobson, and on the end, Forrest Munalook.
The Honorable Arnold Frank Peratrovich from
Klowack, is Indian and Russian. Member of the Constitutional Convention and
second President of the Alaskan State Senate.
The Honorable William Beltz, and Eskimo, first
President of the Alaskan State Senate.
P. Gordon Gould, born to an Aleut mother, educated
in a Methodist Mission in Unalaska. Founder of the Alaska Methodist University.
George E. Bell, an Eskimo from Nome, Alaska.
Cashier of Mines and Merchants Bank of Alaska at Nome.
Mayor Dan Lisbourne of Hope, Alaska. Born
in Cape Lisbourne, so named for his grandfather, the site of the Cape Lisbourne
Dew Line Station.
Lloyd Ahvakana, born in Barrow, Alaska.
He is the highest ranking Eskimo in the military service.
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One of the first meetings of the natives on the Alaska Native Land Claims.
Shown from the left are, standing, Harry Carter of Karluk, Emil McCord
of Tyonek, Jules Wright of Fairbanks, and Emil Dolchok, Kenai. Seated
are William Hensley, Kotzebue; Emil Notti, Cook Inlet Native Association;
Robert J. Peratrowick, Jr. of Tlingit-Haida, and Richard Frank of Minto,
representing the Tanana Chiefs Conference.
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Mr. William L. Hensley, Eskimo from Kotzebue,
is a member of the State Senate of Alaska and a graduate of the University of
Alaska.
Mr. Emil Notti is from Fort Yukon. He was
the first President of the Alaska Federation of Natives and is a member of the
School Board of Anchorage.
Colonel Williams, first adjutant General of the
ATG, and an Aleut boy in one of the evacuation camps near Juneau.
ATG at Point Hope. Felix Bolt, Eskimo loaned
to me from the regular army, drilling Point Hope ATG natives.
Charlie Brower at Barrow, Alaska; of the book
Fifty Years Below Zero.
Little Eskimo girl of the arctic.
Henry Nushalook's family at Unalakleet, about
1946.
Wilfred P. Ryan. He was a dog musher for
me in the early days, and Captain of the ATG at Unalakleet. He now flies a private
plane commercially out of Unalakleet.
Fred Ipalook (center) 39 years a teacher with
the BIA at Barrow, Alaska.
Senator Gruening and Muktuk inspect the effects
of the 1964 earthquake. Here they are seen in the Turnagain area.
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Several Years ago when I was out at the International Airport in Anchorage,
a jet-propelled ship came down from Fairbanks, and out of the cockpit
crawled Tommy Richards and Holger Jorgensen (pictured) pilot and co-pilot,
Eskimos from the Arctic who were in my Territorial Guard. Tommy Richards
is the chief pilot for Wien Airlines today.
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Muktuk Marston decorating 39 Eskimo scouts
who were in the service under him 25 years ago and are still in the service
at their winter encampment at Fort Richards, 1968.
Major General C. F. Necrason and Governor Walter
J. Hickel inspect Eskimo scouts in a snow storm during their annual field
training, February, 1968.
January, 1968 -- Muktuk Marston bestows special
decoration on four Eskimos who served with him in the ATG. They are Edward
F. Walker, Alfred Hobson, William Okpealuk, and Francis Eben.
Governor William (Bill) Egan, Commander-in-Chief
of the Alaska National Guard.
Major General William S. Elmore -- Adjustant
General Alaska National Guard.
Senator Ted Stevens, Republican -- Alaska.
Senator Mike Gravel, Democrat -- Alaska.
John Borbridge, President of Central Council
of Tlingit and Haida Indians.
Harry E. Carter, Executive Director Alaska Federation
of Natives.
Alaska Federation of Natives: From left
to right, with Congressman Nick Begich in the center, are Donald R. Wright,
President Alaska Federation of Natives; Tim Wallis, 2nd Vice President; Phillip
Guy, 1st Vice President; Frank Degnan, Sergeant-at-Arms; Frances Degnan, Secretary,
and Nels Anderson, Treasurer.
Caribou and oil wells in Prudhoe Bay.
Winter scene of an oil rig in Prudhoe Bay.
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